Difficulty falling or staying asleep. Review possible symptoms, contributing factors, assessment, warning signs and care options.
About Insomnia
Difficulty falling or staying asleep
Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, despite adequate opportunity for sleep.
It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) and significantly impacts daytime functioning and quality of life.
Editorial update (28 September 2026): structured medical content awaits clinical reviewer sign-off.
How assessment may be approached
A clinician may review sleep timing, duration, daytime symptoms, snoring or breathing pauses, medicines, caffeine, mental health, shift work and sleep environment. A sleep diary, tests or specialist referral may be used when indicated.
Care may involve sleep hygiene, treatment of an underlying medical or mental-health problem, behavioral treatment such as CBT-I, breathing treatment when sleep apnea is suspected, or a carefully reviewed medicine plan.
When to seek prompt care
Seek urgent care for severe breathing difficulty, new confusion, chest pain, fainting, dangerous daytime sleepiness causing immediate risk, or symptoms suggesting stroke or another acute condition.
Symptoms
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Waking up during the night
- Early morning awakening
- Daytime fatigue
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
Possible causes
- Stress and anxiety
- Poor sleep habits
- Medical conditions
- Medications
- Caffeine and alcohol
- Mental health disorders
Care and treatment options
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)
- Sleep hygiene education
- Relaxation techniques
- Medication (short-term)
- Stress management
Key points
- Affects 30% of adults
- CBT-I is first-line treatment
- Chronic insomnia lasts 3+ months
- Highly treatable condition
Preparing for a consultation
- A two-week sleep and wake diary if possible.
- Caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, medicine and supplement use.
- Bedtime routines, shift pattern and daytime impairment.
- Any observed snoring, breathing pauses or unusual sleep behavior.
Questions worth asking
- Is Insomnia the most likely explanation for these symptoms, and what alternatives should be checked?
- Which symptoms or findings would require urgent review?
- Are medicines, underlying health problems or lifestyle factors contributing?
- What tests or examinations are needed now, and what can safely wait?
- What treatment or self-care options are reasonable, and when should I be reviewed again?
- What is the expected benefit, limit, cost and follow-up plan for the suggested care?
Related conditions
Related clinicians
Related treatments
Medical information limitations
This page summarizes listed condition information and cannot confirm a diagnosis or choose treatment. Do not start, stop or change prescribed treatment based only on this page.
Common questions
What is Insomnia?
Difficulty falling or staying asleep This is general information; the name describes a possible diagnosis or clinical problem, not a personal diagnosis.
How might a clinician assess Insomnia?
A clinician may review sleep timing, duration, daytime symptoms, snoring or breathing pauses, medicines, caffeine, mental health, shift work and sleep environment. A sleep diary, tests or specialist referral may be used when indicated.
What care may be discussed?
Care options listed include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), Sleep hygiene education, Relaxation techniques, Medication (short-term). Which option is appropriate depends on the confirmed cause, severity, preferences and contraindications.
When should Insomnia be checked urgently?
Seek urgent care for severe breathing difficulty, new confusion, chest pain, fainting, dangerous daytime sleepiness causing immediate risk, or symptoms suggesting stroke or another acute condition.
How should I prepare for a consultation?
A two-week sleep and wake diary if possible. Caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, medicine and supplement use. Bedtime routines, shift pattern and daytime impairment. Any observed snoring, breathing pauses or unusual sleep behavior. Bring previous reports and a current medicine list where relevant.
Can this page diagnose or treat the condition?
No. A page about Insomnia can help you understand possible features and questions, but it cannot confirm a diagnosis or choose treatment. A qualified clinician should assess your symptoms, history and any test results.
General information only; it is not a diagnosis or a substitute for a qualified clinician’s advice.