Chronic elevation of blood pressure in arteries. Review possible symptoms, contributing factors, assessment, warning signs and care options.
About Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Chronic elevation of blood pressure in arteries
Hypertension is a common condition where the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high.
It can lead to serious complications like heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure if left untreated.
Editorial update (28 September 2026): structured medical content awaits clinical reviewer sign-off.
How assessment may be approached
Assessment may include symptom timing, exertion triggers, family history, blood pressure, pulse, heart and lung examination, medicines and risk factors. Tests such as ECG, blood testing, imaging or monitoring may be selected when needed.
Care may include risk-factor management, medicines, procedure referral or follow-up testing depending on the diagnosis. Ask what each option is meant to prevent or control and how progress will be reviewed.
When to seek prompt care
Call emergency services for chest pain or pressure, severe breathlessness, fainting, stroke symptoms, a very fast or irregular pulse with collapse, or symptoms that feel sudden or severe.
Symptoms
- Often asymptomatic
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Nosebleeds
- Dizziness
Possible causes
- Genetics
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- High salt intake
- Alcohol consumption
- Stress
Care and treatment options
- Lifestyle modifications
- Blood pressure medications
- Dietary changes (DASH diet)
- Regular exercise
- Stress reduction
Key points
- Affects 1 in 3 adults
- Called the "silent killer"
- Leading cause of heart disease
- Preventable and manageable
Preparing for a consultation
- Current blood pressure readings and medicine list.
- When symptoms occur and what relieves or worsens them.
- Family history of early heart disease or stroke.
- Past tests, hospital records and risk factors such as diabetes or smoking.
Questions worth asking
- Is Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) the most likely explanation for these symptoms, and what alternatives should be checked?
- Which symptoms or findings would require urgent review?
- Are medicines, underlying health problems or lifestyle factors contributing?
- What tests or examinations are needed now, and what can safely wait?
- What treatment or self-care options are reasonable, and when should I be reviewed again?
- What is the expected benefit, limit, cost and follow-up plan for the suggested care?
Related conditions
Related clinicians
Medical information limitations
This page summarizes listed condition information and cannot confirm a diagnosis or choose treatment. Do not start, stop or change prescribed treatment based only on this page.
Common questions
What is Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)?
Chronic elevation of blood pressure in arteries This is general information; the name describes a possible diagnosis or clinical problem, not a personal diagnosis.
How might a clinician assess Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)?
Assessment may include symptom timing, exertion triggers, family history, blood pressure, pulse, heart and lung examination, medicines and risk factors. Tests such as ECG, blood testing, imaging or monitoring may be selected when needed.
What care may be discussed?
Care options listed include Lifestyle modifications, Blood pressure medications, Dietary changes (DASH diet), Regular exercise. Which option is appropriate depends on the confirmed cause, severity, preferences and contraindications.
When should Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) be checked urgently?
Call emergency services for chest pain or pressure, severe breathlessness, fainting, stroke symptoms, a very fast or irregular pulse with collapse, or symptoms that feel sudden or severe.
How should I prepare for a consultation?
Current blood pressure readings and medicine list. When symptoms occur and what relieves or worsens them. Family history of early heart disease or stroke. Past tests, hospital records and risk factors such as diabetes or smoking. Bring previous reports and a current medicine list where relevant.
Can this page diagnose or treat the condition?
No. A page about Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) can help you understand possible features and questions, but it cannot confirm a diagnosis or choose treatment. A qualified clinician should assess your symptoms, history and any test results.
General information only; it is not a diagnosis or a substitute for a qualified clinician’s advice.